在留外国人の子どもの高校進学率アップは日本社会にとって重要な課題だ
在留外国人に対する日本語教育は、国や地方自治体の重要な「責務」だ。昨年6月に施行された日本語教育推進法はそう明記している。とりわけ重要なのは子どもの進学率のアップだ。日本語理解が十分でなく、高校に進学できなかったり、高校に入学できても中退してしまうケースが少なくない。文部科学省は新年度、外国人生徒の進学機会の拡充を全国の教育委員会に求めることにしている。
読売新聞が今春の高校入試で外国人生徒対象の特別枠などを設けている都道府県は26あったことを、3月23日の朝刊で独自の調査結果として報じた。特別枠とは、日本在住が3~6年以内などで日本語が十分でない外国籍の生徒らを対象に募集枠を設け、一般の生徒とは別に入試を行うこと。試験の教科を少なくし、面接や作文で選考することもある。日本語ができないというハンデを背負った生徒に、進学しやすい環境を広げようというわけだ。
調査によると、広島、福井の2県が特別枠を新設。広島は87校で2人以内、福井では2校が6人を特別枠とした。また、東京は8校が1校あたり20人増の計150人に拡充したのをはじめ、埼玉、愛知、大阪、奈良、5府県が特別枠を広げた。在留外国人が多い都府県が拡充に取り組んでいる。
文科省の調査によると、2017年度の日本語指導が必要な外国籍の高校生らの中退率は9.6%と、全公立高校生徒の1.3%を大きく上回る。意欲や能力がありながら日本語力が不足して授業についていけずに「脱落」する生徒が多いことを物語る。
文科省の有識者会議がこのほど外国人生徒の教育に関する報告書をまとめたが、その中で公立高校の外国人生徒の受け入れ促進を提言した。これを受けて文科省は特別枠の設置や入試での配慮、さらには入学後の指導の充実等を各都道府県に通知する方針だ。
読売新聞の記事に愛知淑徳大の小島祥美・准教授の談話を掲載されている。小島准教授は「高校入試での対応は自治体間で格差が大きい」と指摘したうえで、「日本で働く外国人が増えるなか、その子である外国人生徒は日本社会を支える人材に成りえる」と話し、体制整備を呼びかけている。
こうした問題に関して、「外国人を特別扱いするな」との声が一部からでることも予想されるが、外国人生徒を「日本社会を支える人材」に育てることは、タックスペイヤー(納税者)を増やすことを意味する。人口減少は自治体の税収の減少につながる。地域の実状に応じて外国人生徒の進学率アップの対応を整備することは、共生社会の構築に寄与することなるはずだ。
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