海外における日本語教育の課題が浮き彫りに
- 2017/6/16
- 日本語議連
- 日本語議連, 総会
- 671 comments

◎海外における日本語教育の課題が浮き彫りに
――日本語議連第8回総会で
超党派の日本語教育推進議員連盟(河村健夫会長、通称・日本語議連)は15日、第8回総会(勉強会)を開き、海外で日本語教育を実施している公益財団法人国際交流基金と学校法人赤門会日本語学校からヒアリングを行った。海外での語学教育といえば、中国の孔子学院が有名だ。残念ながらこの分野で日本は中国の足もとにも及ばない。政府は国際交流基金に十分な予算措置をせず、海外で活動している民間の日本語学校へ支援もしていないからだ。議論を通じてそうした現状や官民の連携などの課題が浮き彫りとなった。
…
ヒアリングでは、国際交流基金の日本語事業部長の鈴木雅之氏と日本語国際センター専任講師で元ジャカルタ日本文化センター主任日本語講師の八田直美氏、そして赤門会日本語学校常務理事の新井永鎮氏らがその取り組みを報告した。
国際交流基金は外務省の関係団体で、海外での日本語教育全般を取り仕切っている。基金によると、2015年末の海外での日本語学習は計366万人で、その8割近くがアジアの人たち。中国、インドネシア、韓国の上位3か国は教育のカリキュラムの変更などで学習者の数が減っているが、他のアジアの多くの国では日本語へのニーズが増大し、学習者が増えている。
しかし、海外に展開している日中韓の語学講座の数を比較すると、中国語の孔子学院が1586カ所、韓国語の世宗学堂が174カ所なのに対し、国際交流基金の日本語講座は31カ所しかない。これは、国家戦略として自国の言語の普及に力を入れている国と、そうでない国の違いだ。日本にはたくさんの魅力があり、アジアの人たちは日本にアクセスしたがっているのに、その道筋を描けないのだ。インターネットを活用したEラーニングの必要性も指摘されているが、拠点づくりはより重要だ。
それでも国際交流基金は、きめの細かな取り組みを行っている。日本語教師の不足を補うため、現地教師のアシスタントとして活動する「日本語パートナーズ」をアセアン各国に派遣している。2014年から7年間で20歳から69歳までの3000人を超える日本人を送り出す計画だ。
一方、赤門会日本語学校はベトナムのハノイとホーチミン、そしてミャンマーのヤンゴンで日本語教育を行っている。民間の日本語学校が海外展開する珍しいケースだ。日本と為替の格差があるアジア各国では、授業料を徴収しても全く採算が合わないのだ。赤門会日本語学校は、日本語が上達した現地の若者を関係の人材会社を通じて日系企業に紹介するなど関連のビジネスによって赤字の一部を補填しているという。新井氏は「海外では学校経営だけでは黒字にならない。民間が海外で日本語教育を推進するのは政府による支援が必要だ」と述べた。
国際交流基金、赤門会日本語学校とも、口をそろえたのは日本語教師が不足していること。国内の日本語学校でさえ教師の確保に苦労しているのだから当然と言えば当然だ。政府が海外に日本語教育を普及させようというなら、教師の育成が不可欠だ。
海外での日本語教育について、政府内では海外が外務省(国際交流基金)、国内を文化庁国語課が管轄するという、大まかな「住み分け」ができている。しかし、文化庁国語課の日本語教育は在日の日系人などへの「生活言語の教育」の域を出ない。このため、日本語学校をきちんと指導・監督する部署はないのだ。
この日の議論では海外で国際交流基金と赤門会日本語学校の協力、つまり官民連携が行われていない実態も明らかになった。こうした議論を踏まえ、中川正春会長代行は「発展途上国では日本語学校が進出するビジネスモデルはできない。それをどう克服するかが課題だ。国際交流基金としては、民間の事業体と組むとか支援するという発想ができないのか。あるいは進出している日系企業を巻き込むことができないのか」と述べ、今後の検討課題として官民連携を具体的に提起した。
通常国会の閉会により日本語議連の次回の総会は、秋の臨時国会が開かれるとみられる9月以降になる。計画では関係団体などからの総会でのヒアリングはあと1回だけになりそうだ。日本語議連では、総会の活動とは別に中川会長代行や馳浩事務局長らが立法チームを立ち上げている。立法チームは日本語教育推進基本法案の作成に向け、その骨子案を詰めるために議論を進めている。秋の臨時国会の開会中には総会で法案作成の議論を本格的に行い、日本語議連としては、早ければ来年の通常国会に法案を提出し、各党の合意を得て成立を図りたい考えだ。
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