EPA看護・介護10周年を前にインドネシア人看護師介護福祉士によるシンポジウム―私たちは、彼らの「想い」をどう受け止められるのか ―
EPA(経済連携協定)による外国人の看護師、介護福祉士の受け入れ事業が始まって来年で10年。このテーマの調査や研究に取り組む京都大学文学研究科の安里和晃准教授の研究室が18日、JR京都駅に近いキャンパスプラザ京都で日本インドネシアEPA10周年に向けたシンポジウムを開催した。インドネシア人看護師、介護福祉士がパネリストとコーディネーターを務めるユニークな催しに参加し、彼(彼女)らの現場からの声を耳にした。
EPAによる看護師・介護福祉士候補者の受け入れは、インドネシア人が2008(平成20)年に来日したのが始まり。その後、フィリピン、ベトナムからも受け入れを開始。この3カ国からこの9年間で計約4700人の福祉人材の候補者が来日している。
日本語による国家試験の合格率は、平成29年度で看護師14.5%、介護福祉士49.8%。累積合格者数は看護師266人、介護福祉士506人。ベトナム人はまだ介護福祉士の国家試験を受けていないが、看護師国家試験には30名が合格している。
シンポジウムでは、まずこれまでのEPAの事業の在り方を安里准教授が「総括」。この中で安里准教授は外国人の看護師、介護福祉士育成のための公的な教育支援額が1人あたり250万円かかっていることを指摘した。そのうえで様々な課題を抱えながらも優秀な人材が育っており、「教育コストは社会コストではない」と述べた。安里准教授としては、この事業に一定の評価を与えているに見えた。
その後、男女合わせて9人のインドネシア人看護師、介護福祉士がパネリストとなってシンポジウムを開いた。インドネシア人はEPAの応募資格に自国での看護師資格の取得が条件になっている。その意味ではすでに「福祉のプロ」でありながら、日本の介護施設で働きながら受験勉強をして国家資格を取得した。日ごろから熱心に日本語を勉強しているようで、彼らは相当の日本語能力を持っていた。
永年、異国の福祉現場で頑張ってきた彼らの発言は、今後の外国人介護福祉士の育成に様々な示唆を与えてくれるものだと感じた。祖国で看護師資格を持つ彼らは、介護福祉士としての仕事に抵抗がなかったわけではなさそうだ。現在日本で働いている8人の介護福祉士のうち7人は、日本語能力試験N1を目指して看護師の国家試験の受験を目指すと述べた。
また、日本で生活する中で結婚や子育てなどに関する話も出た。生活者としての彼らの生活環境の整備は、日本社会の責任だ。日本語教育、福祉、雇用などの課題はEPAの枠組みを超え、私たち日本人が受け止めるべき課題ではないのか。今後の外国人受け入れの本気度が問われる問題だと思う。
さらに、将来は祖国のインドネシアに日本の「介護」を伝えていきたい、と意気込むパネリストがいたのも印象的だった。祖国にはまだ「介護」という仕事はないが、将来はインドネシアにも高齢化の波が押し寄せる。それは他の東南アジアの国でも同じだ。インドネシアでは2014年に国民健康保険の制度が始まった。政府として福祉に力を入れているわけで、そうした流れの中で介護の制度も創設される可能性があると指摘する。他の国にはない「介護」が、国際的に誇れる「日本ブランド」であることを教えてくれているようだった。
介護の分野に新たに技能実習制度が導入されることになった。介護の仕事は対人サービスだ。そこで働く外国人にとっては、日本語能力が重要な課題となる。技能実習の受け入れに悲観的な声があちこちから上がっていることも事実だ。
しかし、この日のシンポジウムでは、そんな声は聞かれなかった。むしろ自分の目標をしっかりと見据え、希望をもって自分を励ましながら着実に努力を積み重ねてきた。そのことが彼らの「成功」につながっていることをしっかりと押さえておきたい。彼らの10年近い取り組みが、今後の介護の外国人材育成の土台になることを期待したい。(了)
12月4日11時
以下、国家試験合格者数が累積数ではなく単年数となっていたため訂正しました。
【原文】合格者数は看護師65人、介護福祉士104人。
【訂正】累積合格者数は看護師266人、介護福祉士506人。
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