法務省「やさしい日本語有識者会議」に期待すること
- 2020/2/17
- 多文化共生, 時代のことば
- やさしい日本語, やさしい日本語ツーリズム
- 225 comments

法務省「やさしい日本語有識者会議」に期待すること
吉開 章
やさしい日本語ツーリズム研究会代表
電通ダイバーシティ・ラボ やさしい日本語プロデューサ
2020年2月14日、法務省が「在留支援のためのやさしい日本語ガイドライン」に関する有識者会議立ち上げを発表した。
この会議では、国や地方公共団体が外国人向けの広報文書等をやさしい日本語で作成するための「在留支援のためのやさしい日本語ガイドライン」の内容が議論されるとしている。日本語教育や多文化共生の学識者や実践者、地方自治体関係者が参加しての議論となる。国政レベルでのガイドラインの策定は初めてのことであり、文化庁と連携した法務省の動きに期待を寄せたい。
この会議が始まるにあたり、4年以上にわたりやさしい日本語の社会啓発活動を行い、数々の自治体で講演やワークショップを実施した経験から、議論のポイントを提案したい。
ポイント① 元の情報整理・調整に関する制度的・社会的合意が不可欠
公文書のやさしい日本語の書き換えは横浜市をはじめとした自治体がすでに独自に取り組んでいるが、最近やさしい日本語に取り組みを始めた自治体の方々の意見の多くは、
・行政文書の情報量を減らさずにやさしい日本語にするのは難しい
・情報を書き換えたり減らしたりする権限や法的根拠もないので、責任がとれない。
というものである。
やさしい日本語は多言語対応における1言語という位置づけであり、日本語から翻訳された別な日本語と言ってよい。外国語への翻訳では翻訳会社は職業倫理上元の情報に勝手に足したり引いたり変更を加えたりしない。しかし、やさしい日本語への翻訳は元の情報に手を加えるという点で大きな違いがある。
何より先に、やさしい日本語で伝えるために情報の整理・調整をすることに、制度的な根拠を与えることが不可欠である。同時に、敬語を減らした表現などには反発を持つ市民も少なくない。やさしい日本語という手法を周知し、社会的合意を形成することも重要である。
やさしい日本語のための情報整理・調整にこのような制度的・社会的合意が成立すれば、そこで作られたやさしい文章は、外国語への翻訳にも使うことが可能であり、丸投げの時より安価で迅速な納品が期待できるだろう。やさしい日本語の制度的推進は、多言語対応における総合的なコスト削減にも貢献する。

ポイント② スマホ閲覧を前提とした編集とし、AI翻訳の活用も視野に。
紙媒体を外国語に多言語化する際、1つのパンフレットなどに複数言語を盛り込むにも限界があり、言語ごとにパンフレットを製作してもコストがかかる。そもそも相手の言語別に郵送するといった対応は現実的でない。結果的には庁舎に取りに来ることを前提とした配布方式となり、必要とする人に幅広く周知させることは無理だといえよう。
多文化共生社会において多言語化すべきは、本来すべての情報である。紙のパンフレットになっているものだけではない。多言語対応に関する「敷居」と「コスト」をできるだけ下げることで、対応する情報を増やしていく必要がある。
「敷居」は前述の「情報整理・調整に関する制度的・社会的合意」で下げることができ、翻訳の「コスト」も安くなる。さらに外国人にも普及しているスマートフォン画面での閲覧を前提に構成を定めていけば、さらなるコスト削減につながるだけでなく、より幅広い人への周知も可能になるだろう。
このようなときのやさしい日本語を考える上で、以下の2点がポイントとなるであろう。
1.AI翻訳をつかって高い翻訳精度が期待できるやさしい日本語のあり方の研究・開発
日本語学習者向けのやさしい日本語と、AI翻訳向けのやさしい日本語の共通点・相違点などを見出し、これまでの研究資産に加えどのような視点を加えればAI翻訳にも使えるのか検討していくことが期待される。
2.スマホを通じてやさしい日本語にアクセスする時のあり方の研究・開発
これまでのやさしい日本語はルビを振る・分かち書きをするなどが推奨されてきたが、スマホでの閲覧では、辞書機能との連動や読み上げソフト利用など、これまでと違うアクセシビリティも想定しておく必要があろう。

政府レベルが初めてやさしい日本語に取り組むということで、関係者の期待は高い。やさしい日本語へ言い換え対応表を作るだけでなく、本来のゴールである多言語対応推進にも直結し、現場の取り組みを後押しする政策議論を期待したい。
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