「留学」など3類型を議論 日本語教師の資格に関する第3回調査研究協力者会議有識者会議
- 2021/2/27
- ぷらっとニュース
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文化庁は2月26日、第3回日本語教師の資格に関する調査研究協力者会議(西原鈴子座長)を開催した。1月の第2回会議では日本語教育機関の「類型化」について議論されたが、この日の第3回会議では文化庁が「留学」「就労」「生活」の3類型を示し、まずは「留学」の制度について「教師の資格」を検討するよう提案した。
調査研究協力者会議では、国家資格としての「公認日本語教師」の制度化に向けて議論を進めている。その中で制度化の前提として公認日本語教師が活動する「日本語教育機関」をより具体的に示すことが必要となり、文化庁は日本語教育機関を3つに類型化するよう提案したわけだ。
文化庁がこの日提示した論点整理では、「まずは標準的な日本語教育機関の質の確保を目的とした制度を設計し、その後、優良な日本語教育機関の拡充を目的とした優良機関評価制度について段階的に検討すること」を提案した。そのうえで議論をすべき「日本語教育機関」として、「もっぱら日本語教育を行う機関」と対象とした。いわゆる日本語学校に的を絞って議論を進めるべきだという。その日本語学校の質を担保するため、まずは教育の「標準」を定めようというわけだ。
日本語教育機関を3つに類型化したのは、「留学生」が学ぶ日本語学校とボランティア活動などの「日本語教室」とは切り離して議論する狙いがある。日本語学校は法務省の告示校として公的な基準を満たした機関でありながら、出稼ぎ目的の留学生を安易に入学させるなどしてマスコミの批判を受けるケースもあり、公認日本語教師を配置することで、日本語学校を「標準的な水準」にまで引き上げようという意図がある。
ただ、「就労」「生活」の類型については、文化庁として教育機関を明確な規定をしていない。日本語教室では、ボランティアや公的な団体が外国人に日本語を教えているが、その形態は様々であり、多様な日本語教育の中では、「質の標準化」は困難だと考えたからだ。外国人の生徒が8割を占める夜間中学や大学の日本語教育別科などの位置づけもはっきりしていない。調査研究協力者会議では、委員からも様々な疑問や指摘があった。
そもそも、公認日本語教師という新たな制度を創設する目的は、日本語学校の教師の質とステータスを高めることにある。そのためには法的にその必要性を担保しなければならないという。その第一歩として類型化という段取りを経ることしたわけだ。
もっとも、議論を複雑化させている大きな原因は文部科学省が日本語教育を「教育」として認めていないからだ、との指摘がある。小中学校などには、専門科目としての日本語教育は存在しない。専任の日本語教師も配置されていない。外国人の児童生徒が急増する中で授業についいていけずに不就学となる子どもが増え、文科省は様々な取り組みを始めているが、「プロの日本語教師」を養成するまでには至っていないのが現状だ。
公認日本語教師の創設は、初めて日本語教師に公的な資格を付与するという点では重要な意味合いがある。名称独占と呼ばれる「名前だけの資格」だが、日本語学校で教鞭をとる公認日本語教師が公立の小中学校で日本語教育の教師として活躍する日がいずれ来るかもしれない。
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