外国人労働者の受入れ拡大に国はどう対応すべきか 毎日新聞の「論点」を読み解く
- 2018/10/5
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外国人労働者の受入れ拡大に国はどう対応すべきか 毎日新聞の「論点」を読み解く
外部識者が社会の課題について主張を展開する毎日新聞のオピニオン欄の「論点」。10月3日の朝刊では「外国人就労の拡大策」をテーマに、大手コンビニ・ローソンの竹増貞信社長、群馬県大泉町の村山俊明町長、ニッセイ基礎研究所の鈴木智也研究員の3氏の意見を掲載した。人手不足が深刻化する中、政府は外国人労働者の受け入れ拡大の方針に舵を切った。これを受けて竹増氏は外国人の受け入れ枠をより広げるよう求め、村山市は急増する外国人住民へのサービスなどを国に責任で行うよう要望した。そして鈴木氏は長期展望の下で、日本が外国人から「選ばれる国」を目指すべきだと主張する。3氏の立場は違うが、求めているのは政府主導の「新たな国づくり」ではないか。
外国人受け入れの「対象業種をもっと広げよ」というのはローソンの竹増氏。ローソンは、正社員として外国人を数多く採用するなど人材のグローバル化では最先端企業の一つだ。かつて、ある国際ワークショップで同社の人事担当者が「外国人の社員が幹部になれば、会社が変わることができる」と話していた。会社の仕組みそのものをグローバル化しなければ、企業が生きていけない時代がくるというわけだ。
ローソンでは2016年からベトナムや韓国で研修施設をつくり、レジの操作方法などを来日前に研修できる仕組みを作った。すでに200人が研修を受け、うち100人が採用面接を受けた。また店舗用に5カ国語の接客マニュアルや接客方法を寸劇で解説する動画も作成したという。
しかし、留学生は週28時間の限られた時間でアルバイトとして働くことはできても、正社員として外国人がコンビニの店頭で働くことはできない。コンビニで働くことは接客用の日本語が身につくほか、季節の商品を扱うから日本の文化や風習も体験できる。にもかかわらず、学校を卒業して引き続き働きたいと思っても、現行の入管法では就労ビザが取得できないのだ。優秀な留学生の人材が帰国してしまい、加盟店の店主から落胆の声を聞くことが多いという。
竹増社長は「日本は人手不足にもかかわらず、日本で働きたいという外国人が働きにくい制度設計になっている」と嘆く。留学生のうち大学などを卒業後に日本で就職するのは3割程度。それを5割にしたいというのが政府の考えだ。高等教育を受けた留学生は、いわゆる高度人材。政府は来年4月から外国人労働者の受け入れ拡大の方針を掲げているが、「5割」を目指し、留学生が卒業後にコンビニで働ける仕組みができるのかどうか。
大泉町は外国人住民が町の人口の18%を占める。その比率は全国の自治体で最も高い。外国人の国籍も43カ国にのぼる。ブラジルが最多の56%、ペルー13%、ネパール9%と続く。彼らは「パナソニック」や「SUBARU」など大手の下請け企業の貴重な戦力だ。同時に地域社会を構成する生活者でもある。災害情報などを伝える全国瞬時警報システム(Jアラート)の多言語化、ポルトガル語の広報紙の発行、日本語教育など行政としての取り組む課題は少なくない。
違う国籍や民族の外国人が増えてコミュニティーが複雑化すると、行政としてまとめていくのが難しいともいう。村山町長は「人口に占める外国人の割合が2割を超えると、住民感情も変わってくるだろう。町長として双方の板挟みになり、日々、悩んでいる」と打ち明ける。国はこうした苦労を自治体につけを回してきた。生活者としての処遇に対し国がきちんと責任を持つべき時代を迎えている。
ニッセイ基礎研究所の鈴木研究員は今回、政府が外国人労働者の受け入れを拡大することに対して短期的な対応策としては「評価できる」という。ただ、その効果は十数年で消えるとみる。長期的な視点でみれば、問題解決のための「布石」という見方だ。また、鈴木氏は、政府が世論に配慮して「移民受け入れ」ではないと言っていることにも言及する。移民受け入れに反発する世論への配慮だろうとしながら、「世論が割れるという意味では、欧州の失敗に学ぶことがある」という。
ドイツでは当初、移民を歓迎したが、移民がドイツ語を話せずに社会的に孤立し、移民排斥や社会の分断につながった。鈴木氏はこうした状況に陥らないようにするには「日本語教育が一番重要だ」と強調する。外国人労働者を社会的孤立させず日本人とコミュニケ―ションがとれる環境を整える必要があるというのだ。種々の行政サービス、失業保険、年金医療、社会保険への加入なども必要だという。要は日本語教育などを担保しながら、「日本人と平等な処遇」をすればいいのだ。
アジアでは中国やタイなどでも高齢化で働く人材が不足する。経済成長に陰りがでてきた日本の魅力も低下しつつある。日本が一定の技能を持つ外国人労働者を受け入れるには、日本そのものが「選ばれる国」になる必要がある、と鈴木氏は指摘する。そのためにまず日本人側の外国人への理解が不可欠だ。政府は、外国人労働者受け入れ拡大の方針に対し国民への啓発、広報も重要な事業として取り組まねばならないだろう。
毎日新聞の「論点」は以下のURLで。
http://mainichi.jp/articles/20181003/ddm/004/070/032000c
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Hello, i read your blog occasionally and i own a similar
one and i was just wondering if you get a lot of spam comments?
If so how do you prevent it, any plugin or anything you can recommend?
I get so much lately it’s driving me insane so any support is very much appreciated.
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