令和の2019年を振り返って 「にほんごぷらっと」のトップニュースは日本語教育推進法の制定だ
- 2019/12/23
- 多文化共生, 時代のことば
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令和の2019年を振り返って 「にほんごぷらっと」のトップニュースは日本語教育推進法の制定だ
2019年も残すところあとわずか。振り返ってみれば、今年は「共生社会」の実現に向けて大きく踏み出した1年だった。外国人労働者受け入れ拡大のための改正入管法が4月に施行された。通常国会終盤の6月には、超党派の日本語教育推進議員連盟が提案した日本語教育推進法が成立した。在留外国人受け入れの新たな窓口が設けられ、重要な政策課題である日本語教育を進めるための法的枠組みができたわけだ。しかし、課題は山積している。政府は、共生のための「総合的対応策」に取り組むべき課題をまとめた。その実現に向けて積極的に取り組むよう期待したい。
マスメディアは、師走になると恒例の「今年の10大ニュース」を発表する。「令和の時代」の幕開け。大きな感動を呼んだ日本で初のラグビーワールドカップ開催。台風や集中豪雨で大きな被害にも見舞われた。国際的には隣国・韓国との関係が悪化。英国のEU離脱の動き、難民や移民の増大……。内外の大きなニュースが今年もあった。
それに比べると、日本語教育推進法成立は小さなニュースかも知れない。「10大ニュース」の中に盛り込む大手メディアはないだろう。ただ、外国人労働者の受け入れ拡大などの動きの中で、マスメディアがそれなりに日本語教育の問題を取り上げたのも事実だ。これまでほとんど世間の注目を集めなかった日本語教育が、重要な政策課題であるとの認識が社会に広がりつつある。法案の作成、国会での成立に尽力した日本語教育推進議員連盟の果たした役割は大きい。
私たち「にほんごぷらっと」は、2016年に日本語教育推進議員連盟の発足とともにその活動に注目し、議連の議論を紹介するとともに、関連する動きや話題をサイトに掲載してきた。また、日本語教育推進法の意義や社会的な位置づけを報じてきた。サイト見てもらえばわかると思うが、私たちには日本語教育推進法の成立を、堂々の今年のトップニュースとして位置付けたい。

しかし、推進法は日本語教育を進めるためのプログラムや枠組みを作成するための法律である。日本語教育を推進するための施策や事業を進めるのはこれからだ。政府は推進法に基づき政府内に日本語教育推進会議を設置し、同会議は来年6月に日本語教育推進のための基本方針を策定する意向だ。実際の「推進策」は来年から動き出す。基本方針ができれば、それに則った日本語教育推進の施策や事業が始まることなる。「にほんごぷらっと」はそうした動きも細かくフォローしていきたい。
推進法の付則に検討事項として盛り込まれた日本語教育機関の位置づけなどの議論もこれからだ。留学生の増加とともに日本語学校の開校が相次いでいるが、悪質エージェントによる留学生のあっせんの防止など、解決すべき課題は少なくない。設置形態の在り方の検討なども必要だ。今後、日本語学校の果たすべき役割がより大きくなるのは間違いない。日本語学校の法的な位置づけ、日本語教師の公的な資格の付与なども重要な検討課題だ。外国人児童生徒の日本語教育や、海外に移住した邦人や日系人の日本語教育にも政府が力を入れなければならない。
政府は、入管法を改正して外国人労働者を受け入れるために「特定技能」の在留資格を設けたが、その資格を取得した外国人はまだ2000人に満たない。昨年の臨時国会で政府は特定技能により初年度は4万7000人、5年間で約35万人を受け入れる考えを示していた。準備作業が遅れているとはいえ、そもそも特定技能という制度が、外国人にとって魅力的なものなのかどうか。
2020年は東京オリンピック・パラリンピックの年だ。様々な国から多くのアスリートや外国人観光客がやって来る。国際交流の輪が飛躍的に広がる。推進法の「目的」には「共生社会」の実現や日本語の海外への普及が盛り込まれている。日本語教育の進展とともに、「共生社会」に向けた取り組みも大きく前進するに違にない。
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